LSAA 1998 Conference Theme and Background

Lightweight structures hold a fascination for us all. To vault through space with the minimum of means; to envelope, contain, define; to stretch skins onto frames; to analyse and dissect and then to fabricate, connect, and erect; to comprehend space by giving it a geometric order. The theoretical processes hold their own rewards. For the designers and builders, few experiences match the moment of realisation, when the framework first takes up its trajectory in space, and the theory is put to the test. And for the users, the wonder of how it got there, how it works, and what a fine environment it creates.

Large-volume, long-span enclosures represent a large portion of the Papers collected in these Proceedings. Despite, or because of, the growth of remote electronic communications, we still have a strong need and desire to congregate in groups: at sports events, conventions, conferences and exhibitions, and for all kinds of shared entertainment. Facilities for such events underpin a large part of the lightweight structures market. Certainly the Olympic Games provides a major stimulus in this area, and Sydney 2000 is an excellent example. The number of interesting and unusual lightweight structures completed to date has warranted a special Section in the Proceedings. Some, like Stadium Australia 2000 and the Velodrome, have been purpose-built, and will represent a considerable legacy for the city. Others, like the Showring and Exhibition Halls, originated in the strategic decision to relocate the Sydney Showground, and so provide for two needs simultaneously. All of the projects have solved design and construction challenges with unique ingenuity. One of the privileges of working in our limited market is that "standardised" structural solutions are less common, and each project presents new opportunities for designer, fabricator and builder. The remainder of the Proceedings is grouped according to content of Papers (rather than according to Conference Sessions), in order to make it more useful as a reference text. Within each Section, Papers are ordered alphabetically by Author.

Volume 1 contains sections on Olympics 2000, Shells and Frames, and Retractable Roofs. "Shells and Frames" is intended to encompass structures made up primarily of stiff elements, as opposed to primarily cable or membrane systems. Within this section, the sub-section "Shells, Grid-Shells and Domes" tries to separate out those structures which rely fundamentally on their overall three-dimensional shape for resisting loads.

A special Section is reserved for "Energy and Environment", which is fundamentally important in our understanding of the overall technical performance of lightweight enclosures, and much in need of further analysis and development. After all, most lightweight structures are constructed because of a need for environmental control. It is surprising how many researchers are involved in structural behaviour compared with the number involved in environmental issues such as thermal, ventilation, lighting, acoustic, and fire safety performance.

The LSA98 Conference combines the 1998 Symposium of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, and the 1998 Conference of the Lightweight Structures Association of Australia. The Conference is jointly organised and hosted by IASS, LSAA, and IEAust, the Institution of Engineers, Australia. These Proceedings represent the contributions of leading experts world-wide to LSA98.

The Editors wish to thank the Authors for their contributions, and to thank the members of the Technical Committee who reviewed titles and abstracts and provided critical input to the compilation of the Proceedings. The Technical Committee comprised Richard Hough (Ove Arup and Partners, Chairman), Robert Melchers (The University of Newcastle, Australia, Vice-Chairman), John Meek (University of Queensland), Masao Saitoh (Nihon University), Lajos Kollar (Technical University of Budapest), Mamoru Kawaguchi (Hosei University), Vinzenz Sedlak (University of New South Wales), Kazuo Ishii (Yokohama National University). Thanks also to Tourhosts Pty Ltd, and particularly to Jennifer Sewell, for collection and recording of the Papers, and subsequent collation, compilation, and management of the printing process.

Richard Hough (Ove Arup and Partners)
Robert Melchers (The University of Newcastle, Australia)

LSAA 1998 Programme & Technical Papers

1. Olympics 2000

• Homebush Multi Use Arena
  Green, R Macleod, D Duff, D
  Click for PDF File
  
• The Showring Roof for the New Sydney Showground at Homebush
  Haysler, M S Smith, E T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Exhibition Halls for the Sydney Showground, Homebush Bay
  Hough, R
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Olympic Park Railway Station
  Maher, K Matthews, S Gashi, Z
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Stadium Australia
  Morely S Whatmore, J
  Click for PDF File
  
• Lattice Shell Roof of the Sydney International Aquatic Centre
  Webb, J Martin, O Kayvani, K Berriman, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Cable Stayed Grandstand Roofs for the 2000 Olympics
  Webb, J Martin, O Grayson, R Kayvani, K
  Click for PDF File
  

2. Shells and Frames

2.1 Case Studies: Shells, Grid-Shells, Domes

• Design and Analysis of a 325 m Double Layer Aluminium Dome Structure
  Brahm, D Lopez, A E
  Click for PDF File
  
• Light Structures for Light Shows - Structural Hangers for Ancient Illuminations
  Castiglioni, A Mirabella-Roberti, G Moreschi, D
  Click for PDF File
  
• Applications of Freedome Technology for Industrial Buildings
  del Toro Rivera, R
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• A Structural System Suitable for Rational Construction
  Kawaguchi, M Abe, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Innovative Development in the Design and Construction of Timber Shells
  Linkwitz, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• Concrete Shells for an Eclectic Church
  Mihailescu, M Tanasoiu, I Mircean, G Dragan, D
  Click for PDF File
  
• Space and Shell Structures in Timber
  Natterer, J
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• A New Concept of Spatial Trusses
  Okuto, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• Hybrid Cable-Arch Systems for Long Span, Lightweight Roof Structures
  Pilla, D Berger, H Spillers, W DeNardis, J
  Click for PDF File
  
• Lightweight Structure of Stationary Roofs of Tanks
  Popovsky, B V Saratovsky, A A
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• The Analysis and Construction of a Three-eights Single Layer Reticulated Dome
  Su, S Zhang, H
  Click for PDF File
  

2.2 Case Studies: Space Frames, Trusses, Arches

• Unique Discretized Lattice Structure for The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain
  Baker, W Iyengar, H Novak, L Sinn, R Zils, J
  Click for PDF File
  
• Obtaining Lightweight Structures with the Loadpath Method
  Fonseca, J
  Click for PDF File
  
• Spatial Structures for An Elevated Conference Building
  Giuliani, G C
  Click for PDF File
  
• Lessons from a Recent Space Truss Collapse
  Hanaor, A
  Click for PDF File
  
• A Node-Less Space Frame System
  Huybers, P
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Lightweight Structures Collapsed by Heavy Snow in January 1998 in Japan
  Kawaguchi, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• Shanghai Sports Centre
  Lin, Y R
  Click for PDF File
  
• Airship-Hangar near Berlin
  Janner, M Lutz, R Schroter, T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Recent Lightweight Structures in Steel and Glass in Australia
  Martin, O Webb, J Kayvani, K Berriman, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• All Glazed Pyramid for the Sabanci Convention & Exhibition Center
  Marulyali, Y Aksut, L Mazlum, S Kaya, T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Solar Thermal Power Generation Utilising a Paraboloidal Dish Space Frame Structure - Two Case Studies in Structure and System
  McCready, D Joseph, P
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Lightweight Structures in Space
  Pearson, J Denoyer, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• Lightweight Structures for a Price - Case Study of the Wanneroo International Netball Stadium
  Phillips, D
  Click for PDF File
  

2.3 Experiments/Tests

• Buckling Behaviour of Single Layer Grid Shell Using Newly Developed Light Weight Rigid Joint
  Fujimoto, M Imai, K Kinoshita, R Morita, T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Buckling Behaviors of Aluminium Alloy Double Layer Truss Grids Using Ball Joint System
  Hiyama, Y Ishikawa, K Kato, S
  Click for PDF File
  
• A Study on Structural Property of Double-Layer Grids with Eccentric Joints
  Kimura, Y Suzuki, T Ogawa, T Imai, I
  Click for PDF File
  
• Experimental Study on Full-sized Models of Arched Corrugated Metal Roof
  Liu, X Zhang, Y Zhang, F
  Click for PDF File
  
• Ultimate Strength of Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Shells Influenced by Point Load Position
  Mashita, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• An Experimental Study on Responses of Base Isolated Shell Structure
  Niki, T Shingu, K Kawashima, T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Experimental Method of Double-Layer Space Grids by a Bolted Jointing System
  Saka, T Taniguchi, Y
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Control of mechanisms in Post-Tensioned and Shaped Space-Truss Domes
  Schmidt, L C Li, H
  Click for PDF File
  
• The Effect of Support Condition on Mechanical Behavior of Free-Formed Reinforced Concrete Shells
  Takayama, M Ashida, Y Nakagawa, T Hangai, Y
  Click for PDF File
  
• Rotational Stiffness of Oktalok Nodal Connections and Member Capacity with Semi-Rigid Joints
  Zhao, X Cheah, R Lim, P Joseph, P Pi, Y
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)

2.4 Analysis - General

• Buckling Analysis of Stress-Unilateral Structural Systems
  Hangai, Y
  Click for PDF File
  
• Analysis of Critical State the Doublelayer Space Grids Fitted to a Flat Surface
  Hortobagyi, Z
  Click for PDF File
  
• Inelastic Lateral Buckling Strength and Design of Steel Arches
  Pi, Y-L Trahair, N S
  Click for PDF File
  
• Effects of Approximations on Buckling and Postbuckling Analysis
  Yuan, H Q Pi, Y L
  Click for PDF File
  
• Displacements of Structures Application to Classical Structures
  Samyn, P Van Vooren, J
  Click for PDF File
  
• Analysis of Critical States of Space Grids Covering Large Space
  Szabo, J Tarnai, T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Lightweight Structural Damage Assessment by Static Defect Energy
  Tseng, S S Huang, L J Lin, M C
  Click for PDF File
  
• An Effective Strategy for Postbuckling Analysis of Structures
  Yang, Y-B Wu, Y.S
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)

2.5 Analysis - Shells and Domes

• Advanced Analysis and Design of Space Dome Supporting Glass Panels
  Chan, S L Koon, C M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Effect of Joint Stiffness on the Buckling Behavior of Reticulated Dome Structures
  Dorfmann, A
  Click for PDF File
  
• Vibration Control of Rotational Shell Using Neural Network
  Hiratsuka, K Shingu, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• Column Strength Curves for the Members of Reticular Domes and its Application to Structural Design
  Kato, S Ueki, T Mutoh, I
  Click for PDF File
  
• Vibration and Buckling of Circular Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Axial Stress
  Matsunaga, H
  Click for PDF File
  
• Generating shell shapes by computer modelling
  Meek, J.L Xia, X
  Click for PDF File
  
• Elastic Second Order-Analysis for Design of Reticulated Shells
  Mutoh, I
  Click for PDF File
  
• Earthquake Response of Domes Implemented by Hysteresis Dampers for Earthquake Isolation
  Nakazawa, S
  Click for PDF File
  
• Elasto-Plastic Buckling Behaviour of Rigidly Jointed Single-Layer Latticed Domes
  Ogawa, T Kuwada, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• The Design Critical Load and Safety Coefficient of Reticulated Shells
  Qian, R J Xia, S H
  Click for PDF File
  
• Proposals to Create an Expert System to Predict Elastic-Plastic Behaviors of Single Layered Latticed Domes
  Takashima, H
  Click for PDF File
  
• Reduced Stiffness Characteristics of Single Layer Lattice Domes
  Yamada, S
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)

2.6 Analysis - Optimisation

• Optimum Design of Lattice Dome by Genetic Algorithm
  Asano, F Tsutsumi, K Miura, T Tani, A Kawamura, H
  Click for PDF File
  
• Structural Optimization and Form Finding of Lightweight Structures
  Bletzinger, K Ramm, E
  Click for PDF File
  
• Optimization of Spatial Grid Structure Using Decomposition and Multicriteria Analysis
  Karczewski, J
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Programs for Numerical Dimensioning and Optimization of Space Bar Vaults and Domes
  Obrebski, J B A.H. Fahema , A H Rhuma M H
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Structural Optimization of Truss Topology by Genetic Algorithm
  Ohmori, H Kitoh, N
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Volume of Structures Application to classical and harmonic structures
  Samyn, P Van Vooren, J
  Click for PDF File
  

3. Retractable Roofs

• A Parametric Analysis of the Geometry of Tractable Reciprocal Frame Structures
  Chilton, J C Choo, B S Wilkinson, D
  Click for PDF File
  
• Victoria Docklands Stadium
  Dean, B K Morley, S
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Miller Park Stadium - Retractable Roof
  Hewitt, J Roberts, J Mann, S
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Retractable Roof Structures In Japan
  Ishii, K
  Click for PDF File
  

Volume 2

4. Cables and Fabrics

4.1 Case Studies: Cable Systems

• Cable-Net Entrance Pavilion for GM Global Headquarters
  Besjak, C Baker, W
  Click for PDF File
  
• Case Study Review of Cable Supported Roofs
  Brown, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Lightweight Glazing Systems at Star City
  Carfrae, T
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Tensegrity System by Pantadome and Its Units
  Chen, Z
  Click for PDF File
  
• Sony Centre, Berlin - Potsdamer Platz: Forum Roof
  Clarke, R Markus, R
  Click for PDF File
  
• From Tensegrity Frameless Glazing to Zappi
  Eekhout, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• The Reconstruction of Active Guyed Television Towers without Broadcasting Stop
  Gordeyev V N Dzhur Y Lyubin A Pavlyk, P Solovyov, L
  Click for PDF File
  
• Twinstar Dome For La Plata
  Levy, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• The Design of the Millenium Dome
  Liddell, I
  Click for PDF File
  
• Smart Tensegrity Structures for the Swiss Expo 2001
  Pedretti, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Role of String - Aesthetics and Technology of Tension Structures
  Saitoh, M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Erection of Cable Structures
  Stauske, D
  Click for PDF File
  
• Extradosed Prestressed Concrete Bridges: Structure, Aesthetics, and Potential
  Takenouchi, K
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Definition of Tensegrity Systems - Can Dispute Be Settled?
  Wang, B-B Li, Y-Y
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Cable-Strut-Systems - The State of the Art
  Wang, B B
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Oxford House, Hong Kong Tension Trusses Supporting Podium Glazing
  Wymond, B Dutton, H
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)

4.2 Case Studies: Fabrics and Membranes

• Eureka Interpretive Centre - Membrane Structure - From Concept to Icon
  Bowtell, P Correnza, J McCready, D Joseph, P
  Click for PDF File
  
• The Integration of Large Fabric Structures Within Building Projects Including the Significance of Design and Procurement Methods
  Forster, B
  Click for PDF File
  
• New Metal Fabrics take the Lightside
  Lorke, W
  Click for PDF File
  
• Modular Membrane Elements for Dismountable Structures
  Mollaert, M Hebbelinck, S Adriaenssens, S
  Click for PDF File
  
• PTFE Membrane Roofs at the New International Airport at Kuala Lumpur
  Norrie, I Williams, J
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Membrane Covering on the Right-Angular Plane, The Peculiarities of the Process of Membrane Erection and the Peculiarities of Calculation of the System on the Erection Stage
  Roujanski, I L
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Numerical Modelling in Tension Structure Design and Construction
  Wakefield, D S
  Click for PDF File
  

4.3 Experiments/Tests

• Tensile Structures Shape Definition Using Degitised Topometric Model Research
  Jecic, Z
  Click for PDF File
  
• Automatisation of the Integrated Experimental-Numerical Design Process
  Medic, B Jecic, Z
  Click for PDF File
  
• Experimental and Analytical Study on Visco-elasto-plastic Characteristics of PTFE-coated Glass Fiber Fabric under Cyclic Loadings
  Kato, S Minami, H Segawa, S Yoshino, T
  Click for PDF File
  

4.4 Analysis

• On the Challenges of Simulating Deployable Space Structures: A Case Study
  Balopoulos, V D Abel, J F
  Click for PDF File
  
• Basic Concepts and Analysis of a New Cable Hanging Roogs
  Du, S
  Click for PDF File
  
• Analysis of Tent-Like Structures Supported by Pressurized Fabric Arches
  Kim, J Y Plaut, R H
  Click for PDF File
  
• Theory And Design of Environmentally Compatible Lightweight Hybrid Structures
  Kmet, S Holickova, L Kanocz, J
  Click for PDF File
  
• Cutting pattern generation of Structural membranes
  Meek, J.L Xia, X
  Click for PDF File
  
• A Method for Estimation of Relaxed Stress and Creep Strain in Membrane Structure
  Minami, H Yamamoto, C Segawa, S Kohno, H
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Formfinding, Analysis and Patterning of Regular and Irregular-Mesh Cablenet Structures
  Grundig, L Moncrieff, E Durr, H
  Click for PDF File
  
• Dynamic Analysis of a Pendulum with two Cables
  Motoyui, S Ohtsuka, T
  Click for PDF File
  
• Numerical Analysis of the Load-Deflection Characteristic of Pneumatic Beam Structures
  Riches, C G Gosling, P D
  Click for PDF File
  
• Pneumatic Structures: A Review of Concepts, Applications and Analytical Methods
  Riches, C G Gosling, P D
  Click for PDF File
  
• A New Approach for Cutting Pattern Analysis of Membrane Structures
  Yagi, T Hagiwara, N Ohmori, H Matsui, T
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)

5.0 Energy and Environment

• Noise Insulation of Lightweight Elements
  Abrantes, V Mateus, D M R Tadeu, A J B
  Click for PDF File
  
• Control of Thermal Energy in Membrane Structures
  Baier, B
  Click for PDF File
  
• Embodied Energy concepts: relevance to Lightweight Structures
  Fawcett, A P Lin G T
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Use of a Lightweight Steel Fly Roof for an "Autonomous" House - Life Cycle, Energy, Thermal Implications
  Johnston, L Chaplan, C
  Click for PDF File
  
• Thermal Analysis and Control in Large Volume Spaces
  Stevenson, P
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)

6.0 Special Topics

• The Homeostatic Model as a Total Model
  Andres, O A Ortega, N F Paloto, J C
  Click for PDF File
  
• An Architectonic Approach of Choosing a Space Frame System
  Gerrits, J M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Contracting Styles for International Projects
  Gough, K
  Click for PDF File
  
• Tensile Tiles: The Cubic Modularity of Curved Surfaces
  Hooper, P
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• The Formation of Reciprocal Polyhedra by Rotation
  Huybers, P
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• Innovation of Structural Form
  Levy,M
  Click for PDF File
  
• Learning from Nature: Design of Lightweight Structures
  Lin, L Yao, N
  Click for PDF File
  
• An Introduction of Topography Dome
  Fujii, A Hangai, Y Oikawa, K Magara, H Miyazaki, K-I
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)
• A Life Technique for Configuration of Roof Structures Supported by Tree-like Branching Columns
  Mutoh, I Shibata, R Kato, S
  Click for PDF File
  
• Managing Stadium Australia 2000
  Patching, A Chapman, C
  Paper not yet available (August 2006)